1) The OECD Digital Government Index (DGI) assesses how governments use technology and data to modernize the public sector, with a focus on six key areas, including digital-by-design and user-driven services. It is complemented by the Going Digital Toolkit, which enables countries to evaluate their digital progress through data visualization and adaptable policy guidance. Grounded in a seven-dimension framework – from infrastructure access to digital trust – the Toolkit promotes inclusive digital economies and coherent policymaking. Together, the DGI and Toolkit guide strategic and people-centered digital transformation, supporting the development of resilient, future-ready public systems (Research Institutes on the IPSAPortal).
2) The AI Index 2025, published by Stanford University's Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence Center, provides policymakers, researchers, and the public with a comprehensive overview of global artificial intelligence trends, complete with data-driven insights. The 2025 edition focuses on the accelerating development of generative AI, with industry now leading the way in creating advanced models ahead of academia. Significant growth is evident in key areas, such as AI adoption in education, job market changes, and scientific output. The report also raises concerns, however; these include fragmented ethical AI practices, scarce emissions reporting in spite of rising carbon impacts, and inadequate global AI governance. While landmark regulatory initiatives such as the EU AI Act and the US Executive Order mark important progress, the report stresses the need for greater coordination (Thematic Networks on the IPSAPortal).
3) From 2014 to 2022, the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) tracked digital progress in EU member states. Since 2023, it has been integrated into the State of the Digital Decade report to better align with the EU's 2030 targets. The 2025 edition focuses on four key areas: digital skills, infrastructure, business digitalization, and public services. It highlights advances in AI, 5G, and e-government, but warns of persistent gaps in skills and connectivity, as well as strategic dependencies in cloud computing, semiconductors, and cybersecurity. Rising energy demands and societal risks, including those posed by misinformation and child safety, add further urgency. With 2025 marking the halfway point, intensified efforts are needed to secure Europe's digital future (Statistical and Data Archives on the IPSAPortal).
